1st California Cavalry Regiment

1st Regiment California Volunteer Cavalry
California flag
Active	September 1861 to October 21, 1866
Country	United States
Allegiance	Union
Branch	Cavalry
Engagements	Capture of the Showalter Party Battle of Stanwix Station Battle of Picacho Pass Battle of Spencers Ranch Battle of Fort Buchanan Action on the Santa Fé Road

The 1st Regiment California Cavalry was a cavalry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was first formed as the 1st Battalion, 1st Regiment California Cavalry (five companies) between August and October 31, 1861, at Camp Merchant near Oakland. After the battalion was organized it was sent to Southern California, with three companies stationed at Camp Latham, near Los Angeles, and two at Camp Carleton, near San Bernardino. From November 20–29, 1861, the detachment under Second Lt. C. R. Wellman was stationed at Camp Wright, and pursued and captured Dan Showalter's party west of the San Jose Valley and Warner's Ranch. The battalion remained in Southern California until the spring of 1862 when it became part of the California Column and formed the advance force of that Column during the march to New Mexico Territory and Texas. In 1863 seven more companies were raised to bring the regiment to a full strength of twelve companies. The five companies first organized were mustered out August 31, 1864, as the terms of service of most of the men had expired. Two new companies, B and C, were organized in New Mexico by consolidation of the few men whose terms had not expired, and by new enlistments, and two new companies were enlisted in California, A and E, and then sent to Arizona. All of the companies of First California Cavalry (Companies B, C, F, G, H, K, and M) stationed in New Mexico and Texas, were ordered to assemble at Baird’s Ranch, near Albuquerque, to be mustered out of the service during September, 1866. Company M was the last mustered out on the September 30, 1866. The 1st California Cavalry Regiment spent its entire term of service in the western United States in California and New Mexico Territory and Texas.

1st Regiment California Cavalry Commanders

• Colonel Benjamin F. Davis August 19, 1861 - November 1, 1861
• Lt. Colonel Edward E. Eyre November 1, 1861 - November 30, 1862
• Colonel David Ferguson November 30, 1862 - November 6, 1863
• Colonel Oscar M. Brown November 6, 1863 - December 31, 1865
• Lt. Colonel Clarence E. Bennett December 31, 1865 - October 19, 1866
• Major William McCleave October 19, 1866 - October 21, 1866

Company assignments

• Company A: October,1861 sent to Camp Carleton San Bernardino County from Oakland. Duty there until March 1, 1862. Marched to Fort Yuma and on to Stanwix Rancho by March 16. March 29, 1862 Skirmish six miles beyond Stanwix Rancho on the Gila River. A small scouting party of the company under Lt. James Barrett engaged in battle at Picacho Pass in which he and 2 others were killed and 3 wounded April 16, 1862. April 3, 1864, a detachment of 25 troops led by Captain Albert H. French left San Elizario, Texas for Spencers Ranch near Presidio Del Norte. On the 15th they ambushed 10 Confederate soldiers there, killing the captain and three others. Two escaped and four more were taken prisoner. No Californians were wounded. The Confederate camp was located and the muskets, ammunition, and horses were emancipated. The skirmish over, the detachment and their prisoners returned to San Elizario on April 24, having covered 499 miles.
• Company B: October 1861 sent to Camp Wright. November 20–29, 1861, Second Lt. C. R. Wellman pursued and captured Daniel Showalter's party near Warner's Ranch, west of the San Jose Valley. [2nd Lt. Wellman was in Company B according to Records of California Men in the War of the Rebellion.]
• Company C:
• Company D:
• Company E:
• Company F: Mustered at Camp Stanford October 31, 1863.
• Company G: Mustered at Camp Stanford June 12, 1863.
• Company H:
• Company I:
• Company J:
• Company K: Organized at Camp Merchant, Oakland, California; moved to Camp Morris in October 1863, in San Bernardino, California. Moved to Drum Barracks in December, 1863. Moved to Tucson, Arizona Territory in February 1864, then on to Camp Valverde and Fort Craig, New Mexico Territory at the end of March 1864, arriving in April and remaining until moving to Fort Union in August. Moved to Cottonwood Springs in October and returned to Fort Union in December 1864, remaining there until May 1865 when they moved to the Camp near Fort Larned, Kansas where they remained until moving to Camp at Lower Cimarron Springs in August, 1865. They returned to Fort Union November 1865, moving on to Camp Lincoln in December 1865 where they remained until May 1866 when they returned to Fort Union on June 30, 1866. The company assembled at Baird's Ranch, near Albuquerque, to be mustered out of service, during the month of September, 1866.
• Company L:
• Company M: Organized at Camp Union, California, July 1, 1863. Moved to Tucson via Drum Barracks, in February, 1864. At Camp Goodwin, Arizona Territory March 31, 1864. In Las Cruces, New Mexico from April to October, 1864, then moved to Hatch's Ranch, New Mexico. Moved to Camp at Blue Water Creek in November, 1864 and participated in the "Kiowa and Comanche Expedition," near Fort Bascom, New Mexico in December, 1864. It then returned to Las Cruces in January, remaining until May 1865 when they moved to Fort Selden, then Fort Craig in June, returning to Fort Selden until September 1866 when it moved to Baird's Ranch to muster out on September 30, 1866. It was the last company of the regiment to be mustered out.

See also

• List of California Civil War Union units

Sources

• The California State Military Museum; 1st Regiment of Cavalry, California Volunteers
• Records of California men in the war of the rebellion 1861 to 1867 By California. Adjutant General's Office, SACRAMENTO: State Office, J. D. Young, Supt. State Printing. 1890. pp.68-167
• All Known Battles & Skirmishes During the American Civil War - New Mexico Territory