Bib Dod Pasha
Kapedan Bib Doda Pasha | |
|---|---|
| Bib Dodë | |
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| Born | Bibë Doda 1820 |
| Died | July 18, 1868 (aged 48) |
| Resting place | Shkodër |
| Occupation | Clan chief |
| Title | Kapedan of the Mirdita Head of the Gjonmarkaj clan |
| Predecessor | Gjok Doda |
| Successor | Prenk Bib Doda |
| Parent | Gjok Doda |
Bib Doda Pasha (1820–1868) was the ruler of Mirdita. He held the Ottoman rank of kapedan (captain) and the honorific pasha (governor).
Biography[edit]
Family[edit]
Bib Doda belonged to the Gjonmarkaj clan which had led Mirdita for a long period.[clarification needed] He started ruling his clan at a young age, since his father Gjok Doda was murdered.[1] After the death of his first wife from Shkodër, he married Hide (daughter of Hasan Ajazi), who was baptized with the name Margjela after their marriage. Margjela was from Arrëmollë village in the Lurë region.[2] He was the father of Prenk Bib Doda, who would later play an important role in the Albanian politics of the early 20th century, and Dava.
Activities against Albanian rebels[edit]
Bib Doda aided the Ottoman raids against the Albanian rebels of Dervish Cara, during the Albanian Revolt of 1843–44 in the sanjaks of Prizren, Scutari and Ohrid. He played a significant role, aiding Omar Pasha in the expedition, and was decorated and awarded an honorary sabre and pistols.[3] Doda received the title "Pasha" in 1849 and allowed to maintain an army up to 10,000 people.[4] Bib Doda became the first Christian Pasha of the Empire.
Agreement with Garašanin[edit]
Bib Doda Pasha together with influential abbot Gaspër Krasniqi and Mark Prenk Lleshi from Mirdita, as representatives of Mirdita, reached an agreement with Serbian Internal Minister Ilija Garašanin in 1849 regarding cooperation with Serbia and Montenegro against the Ottoman Empire.[5] Garašanin believed that Albania should be established as an independent state.[6] The eventual Albanian state was to encompass territories between rivers Drin and Vjosë.[7]
Allegiance with the Ottomans[edit]
Bib Doda took his troops from Albania to serve Omar Pasha’s army again. This Albanian contingent fought in the battle of Giurgevo, and also belonged to the garrison of Silistria during the siege.[8]
His name came in the center of attention during the Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1861–62). Northern Albanian Catholic tribes were organized to start an uprising against the Ottomans led by abbot Gaspër Krasniqi, with the support of French emissaries of Napoleon III. In general, Bib Doda found it wiser to collaborate with the Turks than to rise against them with the Montenegrins. An open conflict broke out between Krasniqi and Bib Dida in 1862 when the former sabotaged the latter’s plan of assisting the Turkish army in attacking Montenegro. This led to a general mistrust and rage against him. Mirdita rebels raided and burnt his properties in Kallmet. Meanwhile, other rebels cut the roads that connected Shkodra with Prizren. Ottomans intervened and Gaspër Krasniqi was arrested. The Albanian uprising did not happen.
Death[edit]
With the death of Bib Doda Pasha in 1868, the Ottomans assigned a kaymakam from his own family, but removed his young son Prenk and exiled him to Turkey. He was buried in Shkodër.
Legacy[edit]
Bib Doda Pasha was regarded by the Albanians as a "murderer of his own people", in particular his role in the Uprising of Dervish Cara.
Bib Doda Pasha did his best to connect with Hasan Ajazi, to accept his friendship, but it didn't work. Bib Doda entered into an agreement with someone close to Hasan, who connected him directly to Hide. Based on this plan, they married without the family's consent.
References[edit]
- ^ The tribes of Albania; History, Society and Culture. Robert Elsie. 2012. p. 225. ISBN 9780857739322.
- ^ Ramiz Lushaj (2014-05-28), KURORA E DYTË E LURËS (in Albanian), Dielli,
Kapedani i shquar i Mirditës, Bibë Dodë Pasha, i krishterë, u martue në Lurë me çikën mulimane, Hiden e Hasan Ajazit nga Arrmalla.
- ^ Theodor Ippen (1916), Robert Elsie (ed.), Nineteenth-Century Albanian History, translated by Robert Elsie, archived from the original on 2013-01-08,
In his fight against the rebels, the Kapedan of Mirdita, Bib Doda, fulfilled his obligations to the Sultan by providing a contingent of men who played an important role in putting down the uprising. He was decorated on several occasions by the Serasker and awarded an honorary sabre and pistols.
- ^ Stefanaq Pollo; Kristo Frasheri (1983), Historia e Shqipërisë: Vitet 30 të shek. XIX-1912 (in Albanian), Tirana, Albania: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë, p. 146, OCLC 255273594, retrieved 2013-12-14
- ^ SANU 1985, p. 127: "...а од 1846 је у вези са мирдитским опатом Гаспаром Красником, захваљујући коме је дошло и до споразума о заједничкој акцији са мирдитским кнезом Боб Додом 1849. године."
- ^ Stojančević 1991, p. 242
Дубље проучавање арбанашких прилика учврстило Гарашанина у мишљењу да је боље створити од Албаније независну државу.
- ^ Stojančević 1991, p. 336: "У складу са овом оријентацијом, он је 1866/67. године предложив да Грцима припадне Крит, Епир и Тесалија, а Србији — Босна, Херцеговина и Стара Србија до Дрима и Искра, оставивши, сада, могућност стварања албанске државе између Дрима и Војуше."
- ^ Reid, James J. (2000). Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: Prelude to Collapse 1839-1878. F. Steiner. p. 272.
Sources[edit]
- SANU (1985). Posebna izdanja. Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti.
- Stojančević, Vladimir (1990a). Srbija i Albanci u XIX i početkom XX veka: ciklus predavanja 10–25. novembar 1987. Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. ISBN 9788670250949.
- Stojančević, Vladimir (1990b). Srbija i oslobodilački pokret na Balkanskom poluostrvu u XIX veku. Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva.
- Stojančević, Vladimir (1991). Ilija Garašanin (1812–1874): recueil des travaux du colloque scientifique organisé les 9 et 10 décembre 1987 a l'occasion du 175e anniversaire de sa naissance. SANU. ISBN 9788670250352.