Draft:Ahmednagar Expedition
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In the annals of Indian history, the clash between the Mughal Empire and the Ahmadnagar forces, led by the indomitable Malik Ambar, stands as a testament to resilience, strategy, and the ever-shifting tides of power. Emperor Akbar's suspicion of Abyssinians set the stage for a decades-long struggle, culminating in Jahangir's determined efforts to conquer the Deccan and eliminate Ambar's growing influence. However, despite the Mughal Empire's military might and strategic maneuvers, Malik Ambar's, guerrilla tactics and astute diplomacy proved formidable, ultimately reshaping the geopolitical landscape of the region[1][2][3]
| Ahmednagar Expedition | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Ahmadnagar Sultanate |
 Mughal Empire | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Malik Ambar Lakhuji Jadhav |
JahangirMan Singh I Abdullah KhanKhan-i-KhananShah Nawaz KhanJagat Singh †Raja Raisingh †Pherogz Jang Mahasingh | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Light Maratha Infantry |
26,000 Mughals 1000 Gujaratis 3000 Kachwahas | ||||||||
Background[edit]
Emperor Akbar's suspicion of Abyssinians persisted until his death in October 1605. Upon conquering Gujarat, he marginalized Abyssinians from administration, but his efforts failed as Malik Ambar gained significant control in Ahmednagar. Jahangir, Akbar's successor, aimed to conquer the entire Deccan, particularly targeting Malik Ambar whom he despised. Abdur Rahim Khan, as viceroy of the Deccan, pledged to subjugate the region with additional resources. He commenced hostilities against Ambar in November 1607, supported by increased troops and funds.[1][2][3]
Expedition of Khan-i-Khanan[edit]
Ambar, foreseeing danger, launched a guerrilla attack at Patan, disrupting Mughal supply lines and forcing them into retreat. Despite initial setbacks, Ambar regrouped and besieged the Mughal camp at Jalanpur, pushing them back to Burhanpur. Mughal reinforcements arrived, including Prince Parvez, but their attempts to counter Ambar's tactics failed. Khan-i-Khanan's ill-fated dash into Nizam Shahi territory resulted in famine and heavy losses for the Mughal army. Despite advice to retreat and regroup, the Mughal generals pressed on towards Daulatabad, facing relentless attacks from Ambar's forces. Ultimately, they were forced to retreat to Burhanpur. Seizing the opportunity, Ambar captured Ahmednagar, leaving the Mughals in a weakened position. Jahangir's dissatisfaction with Khan-i-Khanan's leadership led to his recall in 1609[1][2][3]
Expedition of Man Singh[edit]
In 1612, the Mughals launched a fresh assault against Malik Ambar, aiming to eliminate his growing influence. However, disarray plagued the Imperial army. An expedition was organized to besiege Daulatabad, with Abdullah Khan of Gujarat leading 14,000 troops via Nasik, while Raja Man Singh commanded another sizable force, tasked with coordinated attacks from different directions. The strategy seemed promising, but it unraveled due to Abdullah Khan's jealousy. Khan, unwilling to share the glory with Man Singh, neglected to maintain vital communications with both the Berar army and his own forces. Consequently, he prematurely engaged Malik Ambar's troops at Daulatabad, resulting in a bloody defeat and a retreat to Gujarat. he was continuously harassed by the Maratha Infantry of Malik Ambar[1][3]
Meanwhile, Man Singh, awaiting updates on Abdullah Khan's movements, remained unaware of the unfolding disaster until news of Khan's defeat reached him. Hastily, Man Singh withdrew his forces to the vicinity of Burhanpur, leaving Berar at the mercy of Malik Ambar. Seizing the opportunity, the Dakhni forces, led by Ambar, extended terms of peace, which were finalized in 1613. As part of the accord, Malik Ambar retained control over Ahmednagar, while reclaiming much of the territory previously lost to the Mughals. Jagat Singh (Son of Man Singh) and Raja Raisingh lost their life in this expedition This left the Mughal forces confined within the fortifications of Burhanpur, marking a Important shift in power dynamics in the region[2][1][4][5]
Reference[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g Ali, Shanti Sadiq (1996). The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times. Orient Blackswan. pp. 71–74. ISBN 978-81-250-0485-1.
- ^ a b c d e Yimene, Ababu Minda (2004). An African Indian Community in Hyderabad: Siddi Identity, Its Maintenance and Change. Cuvillier Verlag. p. 113. ISBN 978-3-86537-206-2.
- ^ a b c d e G. H. Khare (1978-01-01). Rajput Maratha Relations 1707-1760 AD ( Vol. 1). p. 51.
- ^ Prasad, Rajiv Nain. Raja Man Singh Of Amber. pp. 127–128.
- ^ Tamaskar, B. g (1978). The Life and Work Of Malik Ambar. Delhi., Idarah-i Adabiyat-i. p. 84.