Hsawnghsup
| Hsawnghsup | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State of the Shan States | |||||||||
| 1757–1959 | |||||||||
 Hsawnghsup (Thaungdut) in a map of the Toungoo Kingdom | |||||||||
| Capital | Thaungdut | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• 1901 | 932 km2 (360 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1901 | 7,471 | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• State founded | 1757 | ||||||||
• Abdication of the last Saopha | 1959 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Hsawnghsup was one of the outlying Shan princely states in what is today Burma.
The village of Thaungdut (Hsawnghsup) was formerly the residence of the Sawbwa of Hsawnghsup State.[1]
History[edit]
History from native sources.
The early cities of Thaung-thut. The late Sawbwa gave the following account of the history of his State,--The town and country of Thaungthut were settled three hundred years before the appearance of the Buddha Gautama. When he attained to Pari-Neibban the First Great Council was held, and four months after his death at Razagyo,where Azatathat was then King, there was a fortified town at Thaungthut covering an area of nine hundred square ta (2,250 yards) with nine gates. This is the first town of Thaungthut of which there is any record, and it was called by the Shans who built it Sèkaw (Hsai Kao). The Sawbwa who governed it was independent and was called So-hôn-bwa (Hsö Hom Hpa).
One hundred years later, when the Second General Assembly was held at Wethali in the time of King Kalathawka, the descendant of the Hsai Kao Sawbwa, So-Hôn-Bwa, ruled over a town about twelve miles to tile north of Hsai Kao. This town was also fortified and covered an area of seven hundred and fifty ta (2,075 square yards),and had eight gates. It was called Sèsa (Hsai Sa), and the Sawbwa's name was So-kham-bwa (Hsö Hkam Hpa). The name Sèsa means the pleasant town.
After this, in the year of religion 218 (325 B.C.), at the time of the Third and Last Great Council, the great King Thiri-dhamma-thawka (Asoka), who reigned in Patalipôt, dedicated, at the foot of the Ngwe-taung, about a mile and a half from the town of Sèsa, a pagoda, a tank, and a well. At this time the race of So-hôn-bwa and his descendant So-kham-bwa had died out, and a merchant Gawmônna came from Razagyo. He built a town nine miles from Sèsa, on the right bank of the Ale stream, five hundred yards square with ditches round all four faces, and this town Thiri- dhamma-thawka gave to Gawmônna's son, So-ngam-bwa (Hsö Ngan Hpa) with the title of Sawbwa. The town was called after the name of its founder Gawmônna, the mer- chant, and his descendants ruled for many generations.
In the time of Anawra-hta, King of Pagan (the eleventh century), when the country was at war. the Sawbwa was summoned to come down with an armed force, but failed to do so.
There was then a man of the Burmese royal family from Pagan in the State, and he went and did homage and made presents to King Anawra-hta, who gave him in return the title of Sawbwa and the right to use a white umbrella and a throne. This man then returned to Thaungthut and informed the Chief of what had been done. The Sawbwa gave him his daughter in marriage and resigned his authority.
Anawra-hta, the King, then proclaimed this Burman prince Sawbwa of Thaungthut under the title of So-kyin-bwa, (Hsö Kyem Hpa). Upon his accession he built a town on the left bank of the Aya stream, about a quarter of a mile from Gawmônna's town.
Ten thousand troops were employed on the preparation of the ground and the walls (bochè ta-thaung thut thwin) of the town, which measured a thousand yards each way and had nine gates and nine cannons mounted, besides a moat on all four faces.
At the same time, in the centre of the city, the Seik-pyu Shinbin pagoda, with a wailed enclosure and eight surrounding shrines, was built. Four rahan had been sent from the Pagan country, and for them four monasteries were built, the Ôk-kyaung taik, the Bawdi-kyaung taik, the Min-kyaung taik, and the Zetawun- Kyaung taik, which were all dedicated on the same day. The town was then called Thaungthut, because ten thousand troops had been employed on clearing the site of it.[2]
Hsawnghsup formed an exclave located to the northwest of the Shan States, within the Upper Chindwin District of British Burma and bound to the west by the princely state of Manipur. Most of the territory of the state was dense forest.[1] In 1886 the ruler of Hsawnghsup remained loyal to the British during the rebellion of the prince of Wuntho.[3]
Rulers[edit]
The rulers of Hsawnghsup bore the title of Saopha.[4]
Saophas[edit]
- 843BC - 796BC Hso Hon Hpa (Azathathat) 1st
- 796BC - 776BC Hso Noeng Hpa (son)
- 776BC - 743BC Hso Pat Hpa (younger brother)
- 743BC - 726BC Hso Hkam Hpa (son)
- 726BC - 694BC Sao Hseng Pan Lam (son)
- 694BC - 650BC Sao Kyet Hpa (son)
- 650BC - 623BC Sao Tep Sam Ta (son)
- 623BC - 600BC Sao Kyet Kyaing (son)
- 600BC - 543BC Hso Le Hpa (son)
- 543BC - 522BC Hso Hkai Hpa (son)
- 522BC - 500BC Hso Vien Hpa (son)
- 500BC - 474BC Hso Hkuan Hpa (son)
- 474BC - 442BC Hso Tew Hpa (son)
- 442BC - 426BC Hso Yiam Hpa (son)
- 426BC - 394BC Hso Tam Hpa (son)
- 394BC - 354BC Hso Hsam Hpa (son)
- 354BC - 325BC Vacant
- 325BC - 283BC Hso Ngaan Hpa, the son of Gawmonna of Razagyo objected by Thiri Dhamma Thawka of Palalipot
- 283BC - 250BC Hso Hkong Hpa son
- 250BC - 216BC Hso Long Hpa son
- 216BC - 184BC Hso Lem Hpa son
- 184BC - 160BC Hso Loong Hpa son
- 160BC - 136BC Hso Kawn Hpa son
- 136BC - 116BC Hso Sam Hpa son
- 116BC - 84BC Hso Yap Hpa son
- 84BC - 52BC Hso Waing Hpa son
- 52BC - 28BC Hso Moew Hpa son
- 28BC - 01 Hso Goe Hpa son
- 01 - 27 Hso Xing Hpa uncle
- 27 - 59 Hso Gam Hpa son
- 59 - 91 Hso Pot Hpa nephew
- 91 - 116 Hso Pap Hpa son
- 116 - 154 Hso Yew Hpa uncle
- 154 - 176 Hso Hung Möng son
- 176 - 214 Hso Yawng Hpa son
- 214 - 244 Hso Nguen Hpa son
- 244 - 294 Hso Koen Hpa son
- 294 - 316 Hso Kat Hpa son
- 316 - 346 Hso Piam Hpa son
- 346 - 386 Hso Paw Hpa son
- 386 - 417 Hso Len Hpa son
- 417 - 446 Hso Liu Hpa son
- 446 - 471 Hso Hlaing Hpa son
- 471 - 506 Hso Kyoem Möng Hpa son
- 506 - 546 Hso Hken Hpa son
- 546 - 566 Hso Ween Hpa younger brother
- 566 - 583 Hso Tuen Hpa nephew
- 583 - 613 Hso Koong Hpa son
- 613 - 650 Hso Tue Hpa son
- 650 - 674 Hso Yawk Hpa younger brother
- 674 - 703 Hso Sawn Hpa son
- 703 - 746 Hso Hkwa Hpa nephew
- 746 - 762 Hso Hkaeng Hpa son
- 762 - 794 Hso Ham Hpa son
- 794 - 816 Hso Hang Hpa son
- 816 - 847 Hso Hit Hpa son
- 847 - 867 Hso Huan Hpa son
- 867 - 904 Hso Hueng Hpa son
- 904 - 934 Hso Hom Hpa son
- 934 - 964 Hso Waing Hpa son
- 964 - 1000 Hso Kert Hpa son
- 1000 - 1024 Hso Ngaam Hpa younger brother
- 1024 - 1044 Hso Hsao Hpa son
- 1044 - 1077 Hso Kyem Hpa son
At the same time, in the centre of the city, the Seik-pyu Shinbin pagoda, with a wailed enclosure and eight surrounding shrines, was built. Four rahan had been sent from the Pagan country, and for them four monasteries were built, the Ôk-kyaung taik, the Bawdi-kyaung taik, the Min-kyaung taik, and the Zetawun- Kyaung taik, which were all dedicated on the same day. The town was then called Thaungthut, because ten thousand troops had been employed on clearing the site of it.[2]
- 1077 - 1100 Hso Hki Hpa son
- 1100 - 1128 Hso Kuen Hpa son
- 1128 - 1144 Hso Myo Hpa son
- 1144 - 1177 Hso Hkaen Hpa son
- 1177 - 1200 Hso Pan Hpa son
- 1200 - 1234 Hso Soen Hpa son
- 1234 - 1250 Hso Yawn Hpa son
- 1250 - 1270 Hso Yao Hpa son
- 1270 - 1298 Hso Hua Hpa son
- 1298 - 1316 Hso Mao Hpa son
- 1316 - 1350 Hso Than Hpa son
- 1350 - 1380 Hso Wak Hpa son
- 1380 - 1412 Hso Saw Hpa younger brother
- 1412 - 1436 Hso Het Pang Hpa son
- 1436 - 1445 Hso Hkoen Möng son
- 1445 - 1460 Hso Kaa Hpa son
- 1460 - 1474 Hso Hsong Phout son
- 1474 - 1498 Hso Hung Möng son
- 1498 - 1514 Hso Parn Möng son
Toungoo period
- 1514 - 1532 Hso Phon Hpa son
- 1532 - 1560 Hso Hkoe Hpa nephew
Colonized of Bayinnaung
- 1560 - 1570 Hso Hkan Hpa uncle
- 1570 - 1592 Hso Hkaing Hpa son of Hso Hkoe Hpa
He betrayed King Nanda Bayin of Hanthawaddy to joint with Hso Hsu Hpa, the saopha of Sanda in Koshanpye they seized later and send to Hanthawaddy the Burmese King decided to execution them but remit later
- 1592 - 1612 Hso Doun Hpa son
- 1612 - 1628 Hso Kyaw Hpa son
He guided King Khagemba of Ningthouja to develop friendly relationships with King Anaukpetlun the King of Burma until the Manipur King give her daughter Champajulee to married with Burmese King
- 1628 - 1650 Hso Htao Möng Doun son
- 1650 - 1659 Hso Lam Kawn Hkam Hpa son
- 1659 - 1663 Hso Soun Hpa son
- 1663 - 1689 Hso Pawng Hpa son
- 1689 - 1703 Hso Htan Hpa younger brother
- 1703 - 1727 Hso Hkoong Hpa son
He guided Taninganway of Inwa to develop friendly relationships with Ningthouja dynasty of Manipur until the Burmese King married with princess Chakpa Makhao Ngambi the younger sister of Pamhaiba (She was the daughter of Tonsen Ngampa or King Chalailongba aka Pitambar)
The both have son name Min Taya Sinthu Ngamba and daughter name Dimourathi
- 1727 - 1746 Hso Ming Hpa son
- 1746 - 1757 Hso Phoo Dam Hpa younger brother
Alaungpaya period
- 1757 - 1760 Sao Kan Haw son
- 1760 - 1767 Sao Hkun Sa younger brother
- 1767 - 1774 Sao Phon Gyi son
- 1774 - 1782 Sao Hti Kyeng younger brother
- 1782 - 1813 Sao Haw Nga son of Sao Kan Haw
- 1813 - 1826 Sao Leik Hkam son
- 1827 - 1858 Sao Aung Ba (Hso Kyeng Hpa) son
- 1858 - 22 Oct 1880 Sao Shwe Möng son
- 1880 - 1893 Sao Nyi Hkam son
- 1893 - 1899 Sao Khine Mone son
- 1899 - 1908 Sir Sao Tun Aung (b. 1860) younger brother
- 1908 - 1959 Sao Hkun Hsawng or Sao Satta Meitta (last saopha) son
References[edit]
- ^ a b Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 13, p. 217.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
THE UPPER BURMA GAZETTEER.was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ The Pacification of Burma, by Sir Charles Haukes Todd Crosthwaite
- ^ Ben Cahoon (2000). "World Statesmen.org: Shan and Karenni States of Burma". Retrieved 7 July 2014.
External links[edit]
- "Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan states"
- The Imperial Gazetteer of India
- "WHKMLA : History of the Shan States". 18 May 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
24°26′N 94°42′E / 24.433°N 94.700°E
 | This Burmese history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
.svg){kind=small}  | This Hkamti District location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |