List of mothers of the Ottoman sultans
This is a list of the biological mothers of Ottoman sultans. There were thirty-six sultans of the Ottoman Empire in twenty-one generations (during early days the title Bey or Ghazi was used instead of Sultan). Throughout the six-century history the sultans were the members of the same house, namely the House of Osman (Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı).
Mothers of the Ottoman Sultans[edit]
This list is distinct from the list of Valide Sultans of the Ottoman Empire. Valide Sultan was the title of the mother of the reigning sultan. The mothers who died before their sons' accession to throne, never assumed the title of Valide Sultan like Hürrem, Muazzez, Mihrişah,[1][2] and Şermi.[3] On the other hand, step mothers who were not the biological mothers but raised the princes whose mothers had died assumed the title of Valide Sultan like Perestu. So there were Valide Sultans who were not the mothers, and there were mothers who were not the Valide Sultans.
The detailed list of the mothers[edit]
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2019) |
| Name | Titles | Maiden Name | Origin | Years of life | Son(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Halime Hatun
(Tradition)[4] |
Hatun | Halime | Turkish[5] | dead after 1282, Söğüt | Osman I |
| Malhun Hatun | Hatun[6] | Kameriye Malhun | Turkish , Daughter of Ömer Abdülaziz Bey | Anatolia — Bursa, after 1326 | Orhan I |
| Nilüfer | Valide Hatun (1362 – 1363) |
Unknown | Greek | dead c. 1363, Bursa, Ottoman Sultanate | Murad I |
| Gülçiçek | Hatun | unknown | Greek | 1335, Bithynia, Ottoman Empire | Bayezid I |
| Devlet | Valide Hatun (5 July 1413 - 23 January 1414) |
unknown | unknown | dead on 23 January 1414, Bursa, Ottoman Empire | Mehmed I |
| Emine | Valide Hatun (1421 – 1449) |
Emine | Oghuz Turkic | born in Elbistan, Beylik of Dulkadir —1449, Ottoman Empire | Murad II |
| Hüma | Valide Hatun (1444 – 1446) |
Esther or Stella (?) | Italian (?) | 1446 — September 1449, Bursa, Ottoman Empire | Mehmed II |
| Emine Gülbahar Mükrime | Valide Hatun (1481 – 1492) |
unknown | Albanian | dead c. 1492, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Bayezid II |
| Ayşe Gülbahar | Hatun | Unknown | Pontic Greek | c. 1453, Vayvara, — 1505, Trabzon, Ottoman Empire | Selim I |
| Ayşe Hafsa | Valide Sultan (1520 – 19 Mar 1534) |
Unknown | European,[7] Crimean or Circassian[8][9] | c. 1472 — 19 March 1534, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Suleiman I |
| Hürrem | Haseki Sultan |
Alexandra Anastazja Lisowska | Ruthenian | c. 1504, Ruthenia, Kingdom of Poland — 15 April 1558, Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Selim II |
| Nurbanu | Haseki Sultan (7 Sep 1566 – 15 Dec 1574) Valide Sultan (15 Dec 1574 – 7 Dec 1583) |
Cecilia Venier-Baffo or Rachel or Kalē Kartanou | Venecian or Jewish or Greek | c. 1525-1527, Paros, Cyclades Islands, or Corfu, Republic of Venice — 7 December 1583, Topkapi Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Murad III |
| Safiye | Haseki Sultan Valide Sultan (15 Jan 1595 – 22 Dec 1603) |
Sophia | Albanian[10] | c. 1550, Dukagjin highlands, Albania — after 1619, Eski Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Mehmed III |
| Handan | Valide Sultan (22 Dec 1603 – 9 Nov 1605) |
Helena | Bosnian | c. 1568, Ottoman Bosnia — 9 November 1605, Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Ahmed I |
| Halime | Valide Sultan (22 Nov 1617 – 26 Feb 1618) and (19 May 1622 – 10 Sep 1623) |
unknown | Abkhaz[11] |
c. 1570, Abkhazia, Ottoman Empire — after 1623, Eski Palace, Beyazıt Square, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Mustafa I |
| Mahfiruz | Hatun | unknown | unknown | c. 1590 — c. 1610, Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Osman II |
| Kösem | Haseki Sultan (26 Nov 1605 – 22 Nov 1617) Valide Sultan (10 Sep 1623 – 3 Sep 1651) Regent "Naib-i-Sultanat" (10 Sep 1623 – 1632) and (8 Aug 1648 – 3 Sep 1651) |
Anastasia | Greek | c. 1590, Tinos, Republic of Venice or Bosnia — 2 September 1651, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Murad IV Ibrahim I |
| Turhan | BaşHaseki Sultan (until 8 Aug 1648) Valide Sultan (8 Aug 1648 – 4 Aug 1683) Regent "Naib-i-Sultanat" (3 Sep 1651 – 1656) |
Nadya | Russian[12][13] | c. 1627/1628, Ruthenia — 4 August 1683, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Mehmed IV |
| Saliha Dilaşub | Haseki Sultan (until 12 Aug 1648) Valide Sultan (8 Nov 1687 – 4 Dec 1689) |
Katarina | Serbian | c. 1627 — 4 December 1689, Edirne Palace, Edirne, Ottoman Empire | Suleiman II |
| Muazzez | Haseki Sultan (until 12 Aug 1648) |
unknown | unknown[14] |
Unknown — 12 September 1687, Old Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Ahmed II |
| Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş | Haseki Sultan (until 8 Nov 1687) Valide Sultan (6 Feb 1695 - 6 Nov 1715) |
Evmania Voria | Greek[15] or Venetian from the island of Crete[16][17][15][18] | c. 1642, Rethymno, Republic of Venice — 6 November 1715, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Mustafa II Ahmed III |
| Saliha | Valide Sultan (20 Sep 1730 – 21 Sep 1739) |
Unknown | Serbian [15] or Greek[19] | c. 1680, — 21 September 1739, Tırnakçı Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Mahmud I |
| Şehsuvar | Valide Sultân (13 Dec 1754 – 16 Apr 1756) |
Unknown | Russian[14] | c. 1682, Tsardom of Russia — 27 April 1756, Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Osman III |
| Emine Mihrişah[20] | Kadın | unknown | unknown[14] / | unknown — April 1732, Eski Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Mustafa III |
| Rabia Şermi[3] | Kadın | unknown | unknown[14] / | unknown — c. 1732, Eski Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Abdul Hamid I |
| Mihrişah | Valide Sultan (7 Apr 1789 – 16 Oct 1805) |
Agnes | Georgian[21] | c. 1745, Georgia — 16 October 1805, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Selim III |
| Ayşe Sineperver | Valide Sultan (29 May 1807 – 28 July 1808) |
Unknown | Circassian or Georgian[22] | c. 1759/1760 — 11 December 1828, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Mustafa IV |
| Nakşidil | Valide Sultan (28 July 1808 – 22 August 1817) |
Georgian | c. 1761 — 22 August 1817, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Mahmud II | |
| Bezmiâlem | Valide Sultan (2 Jul 1839 – 2 May 1853) |
unknown | Georgian[14] | c. 1807, Georgia, Russian Empire — 2 May 1853, Beşiktaş Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Abdulmejid |
| Pertevniyal | Valide Sultan (25 Jun 1861 – 30 May 1876) |
Besime | Romanian[23] or Circassian | c. 1812 — 5 February 1883, Ortaköy Palace, Ortaköy, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Abdülaziz |
| Şevkefza | Valide Sultan (30 May 1876 – 31 Aug 1876) |
Unknown | Georgian | 12 December 1820 — 17 September 1889, Çırağan Palace, Ortaköy, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Murad V |
| Tirimüjgan[24][25] | Kadin |
Unknown | Circassian | 16 August 1819, Circassia — 3 October 1852, Feriye Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Abdul Hamid II |
| Gülcemal | Kadin | Unknown | Bosnian | c. 1826, Sarajevo, Bosnia Eyalet, Ottoman Empire — 29 November 1851, Ortaköy Palace, Ortaköy, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Mehmed V |
| Gülistü | Dördüncü Kadın (1860 – May 1861) |
Fatma Chachba | Abkhazian | 1830, born in Sukhumi, Principality of Abkhazia — 1861, Eyüp Palace, Eyüp, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | Mehmed VI |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Bahadıroğlu 2009, p. 355.
- ^ "Sultan III. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
- ^ a b Bahadıroğlu 2009, p. 363.
- ^ Lowry, Heath W. (2012-02-01). The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-8726-6.
- ^ Güler, Turgut. Mahzun Hududlar Çağlayan Sular (in Arabic). Ötüken Neşriyat A.Ş. ISBN 978-605-155-702-1.
- ^ Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. ISBN 9789753296236.
- ^ Sakaoğlu 2008.
- ^ Alderson 1956, p. 83.
- ^ Sakaoğlu, Necdet [in Turkish] (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Publications. p. 148. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6. (Her name is given as "Hafsa bint-i Abdü'l-Muin" in Kitâbeler by İ. H. Uzunçarşılı. This shows that she was of non-Turkish origin, and later converted to Islam. The assertions that she was daughter of Meñli I Giray of the Crimean Khanate was never proven even though one of the wives of Selim I, namely Ayşe Hatun, was the real daughter of Meñli I Giray.)
- ^ Peirce 1993, p. 94.
- ^ "Mother Of Mustafa I". Osmanlı Araştırmaları Vakfı (Ottoman Research Foundation). Archived from the original on 2007-10-13.
- ^ Sakaoğlu 2008, p. 245; Baer 2011, p. 35; Cooke, Göknar & Parker 2008, p. 214; Carsten 1961, p. 505; Karaca 2012.
- ^ Ruth Barzilai-Lumbroso (2008). Turkish Men, Ottoman Women: Popular Turkish Historians and the Writing of Ottoman Women's History. ProQuest. ISBN 978-0-549-48355-7.
- ^ a b c d e A.D. Alderson, The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1955, p.83
- ^ a b c Sakaoğlu 2015.
- ^ İpşirli 1996.
- ^ Uluçay 2011.
- ^ Alderson 1956.
- ^ Akyıldız 2009.
- ^ Sakaoğlu, Necdet [in Turkish] (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık. p. 303. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6.
- ^ E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936. BRILL. 1987. pp. 1117–. ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
- ^ Sakaoğlu 2008, p. 354.
- ^ Alpgüvenç, Can (2013). "Pertevniyal Valide Sultan". Hayırda Yarışan Hanım Sultanlar (in Turkish) (1 ed.). Istanbul: Kaynak Kültür Yayınları. ISBN 9786054770151. Retrieved 24 Apr 2016.
- ^ "Sultan II. Abdülhamid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
- ^ Bahadıroğlu 2009, p. 505.
Sources[edit]
- Akyıldız, Ali (2009). "Saliha Sultan" (PDF). Islam Ansiklopedisi. Vol. 36. Istanbul: İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi. p. 45.
- Alderson, Anthony Dolphin (1956). The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty. Clarendon Press.
- Baer, Marc David (2011). Honored by the Glory of Islam: Conversion and Conquest in Ottoman Europe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199797837.
- Bahadıroğlu, Yavuz (2007). Resimli Osmanlı tarihi. Nesil yayınları. ISBN 978-975-269-299-2.
- Bahadıroğlu, Yavuz (2009). Resimli Osmanlı tarihi (15 ed.). Nesil yayınları.
- Carsten, F. L. (1961). The New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. V. The Ascendancy of France, 1648–88. Cambridge University Press. pp. 505–506. ISBN 9780521045445.
- Cooke, Miriam; Göknar, Erdağ M.; Parker, Grant Richard (2008). Mediterranean passages: readings from Dido to Derrida. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807831830.
- İpşirli, Mehmet (1996). Gülnûş Emetullah Sultan (PDF). Vol. 14. İstanbul: İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi. pp. 248–249.
- Karaca, Filiz (2012). "Turhan Sultan". Islam Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Vol. 41. İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi. pp. 423–425.
- Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-508677-5.
- Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2015). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları (in Turkish). İstanbul: ALFA Basım Yayım Dağıtım San. ve T ic. Ltd. Şti. pp. 279–291. ISBN 978-605-171-079-2.
- Uluçay, M. Çağatay (2011). Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları (in Turkish). Is.: Ötüken. pp. 105–107. ISBN 9754378401.
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